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The physical evidence of his more recent popularity can be traced to the erection of what has become a major Malverde shrine in Culiacan in 1969, as well a series of more minor shrines since then. Malverde’s popularity as a folk saint thus has a long history. Malverde, of course, was a legendery bandit, in the mold of Robin Hood, who stole money from the rich and gave to the poor, and Pancho Villa, the famed revolutionary war general who seized land from large hacienda owners and redistributed it to soldiers and peasants. On the other hand were dead figures who began granting miracles from beyond and whose graves became pilgrimage sites and shrines, as was the case with Jesús Malverde and Juan Soldado.” Juan Soldado (Juan the Soldier) was a private in the Mexican Army, who devotees believe was falsely executed and whose protection is now sought by migrants for border crossings around Tijuana. El Niño Fidencio was a famous healer who treated thousands of sick and injured persons who sometimes traveled great distances to seek his assistance.
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Santa de Cabora is venerated in Chihuahua after being deported from Mexico for purportedly inciting an uprising by the Indians (Hawley 2010). This was the case with La Santa de Cabora and El Niño Fidencio, both of whom were well-known and venerated during their lives. On the one hand were living people who gained fame as saints due to their ‘miraculous’ healing abilities…. Arias and Durand (2009:12) report that “Between 18, the northern border saw the appearance and flourishing of two types of cult. One of the consequences of the desperate circumstances of the poorest elements of the population in this area was the appearance of Marian apparitions, live saints who offered miraculous healings, and dead figures who also offered solace and protection. For decades this was a comparatively low-risk and low-volume operation, and violence was contained within the drug world. The early traffickers’ operations were restricted largely to growing marijuana in the mountains or buying it from other growers along the Pacific coast, then smuggling it into the U.S. Guillermoprieto (2010) reports that “Sinaloa was an ideal location for a clandestine trade catering to the U.S. The Mexican state of Sinola, where Malverde, reputedly stole from the rich haciendas and gave to the poor, is one of the areas where the drug trade first became established. The result was a rapid increase in upper status wealth and power and increased impoverishment of the peasantry. The building of a railway system increased the penetration of the national economy into the once relatively independent rural areas. Diaz sought to develop and modernize the Mexican economy by supporting corporate expansion and attracting foreign-owned business. The historical period that is associated with Malverde’s banditry occurred during the governmental administration of Porfirio Diaz, which began in 1887. What is known is that the borderlands between northern Mexico and the southern United States have long been a primary center of the drug grade.
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Most of the varied accounts of his life are therefore best understood as hagiography, in this case constructed largely by those who have elevated his persona to the status of folk saint. His death at the hands of Mexican authorities is reported as May 3, 1909. If there was an historical figure, he is most often described as being born Jesus Juarez Mazo around 1870 near the town of Mocorito, Mexico. Crechan and Garcia (2005:14) state that “Haraclio Bernal and Felipe Bachomo are the two central influences on the Malverde myth and each lends biographical detail to the social construction of his biography.” “Thunderbolt” Bernal led rebellious “miners against governmental land-grabs on behalf of international investors” while Bachomo “attacked American owned sugar factories, South Pacific railway supply lines, and American distilleries during the revolutionary war” (Crechan and Garcia 2005:14). It is most often concluded that he is a legendary figure constructed from a number of countercultural folk saints and political bandits. The actual existence of Jesús Malverde as an individual is debated, even if there are families who claim that their relatives actually knew Malverde (“Jesús Malverde, Angel de Los Pobres,” 2012). 1870 Malverde is reported to have been born near the town of Mocorito, Mexico.ġ909 (May 3): Malverde was reportedly killed by Mexican authorities.ġ969: A shrine to Malverde was constructed in Culiacan in the state of Sinola by Eligio González León.Ģ007: A Shrine to Malvede was constructed in Mexico City by Maria Alicia Pulido Sanchez.